Tracy Borman explores the arrest of Anne Boleyn and looks at original documents to explore her trial, was the trial going to end in the court proclaiming her innocence? Does she stand the chance of a fair hearing? Can Anne save herself? Or did one man's determination to remove Anne from Henry VIII's life cause the court to swing the other way?
It is May 15: Anne Boleyn's trial will begin in the Tower of London. The Tower of London will hold the most infamous trial in all of history. The atmosphere is electric and the public looks forward to seeing what she has to stay for themselves. Cromwell and Anne were at loggerheads over their influence with the King and Cromwell decided that Anne must go. Cromwell personally selected the judge and jury for the trial. The future queen Jane Seymour was sent out to the country before the trial. It would have caused gossip for the court if she was there. However, at the start of the Trial, Jane was brought back to London and was kept in Chelsea. Anne's trial began. She was escorted to the court by four ladies, placed there by Cromwell, so they could spy on her. She seated in front of judge and jury. She looks in control. However, Cromwell would make sure that the King would get the verdict he wanted. The only records that survive from the trial are for the prosecution and nothing from the defense. Anne was accused of 20 acts of adultery. She is sure of her innocence. Anne is the picture of innocence and the crowd senses. She uses her mind. However Cromwell pushes the incest issue, twisting the closeness of the siblings to show how depraved Anne was. It seems Cromwell might have pushed things too far, and the crowd was turning to support Anne Boleyn. She put up a robust defense. Would Anne Boleyn be found innocent? Could Anne Boleyn be found innocent? In the meantime, another trial was being held in Westminster. It was of the men who were accused of committing adultery with Anne Boleyn. Only one confessed guilty and the rest of the men confessed not guilty. Their trial would determine Anne's fate. To continue to learn more about the trial, keep watching. I would use this documentary for research into Tudors and would show clips from it to a class as part of a lecture. For use in the classroom: just highlight, copy and paste into a word document or a google document for use in the classroom. You can easily format these questions to your specifications. All questions should fit onto one page after formatting. You can find the link for the YouTube video here. The Fall of Anne Boleyn Episode 2 Questions:
The Fall of Anne Boleyn Episode 2 Answers:
0 Comments
Tracy Borman traces the fall of Anne Boleyn over the course of three days. She begins with Anne's arrest and the events that lead up to arrest and questioning. She looks at original Tudor documents and walks in Anne's footsteps.
May 19th is the day when a bouquet of roses is left on the grave on Anne Boleyn. This memento is left in honor of Anne Boleyn. It took 7 days for the fall of Anne Boleyn. It was the first time in history that an English Queen was arrested and executed. May 2, 1546 - A plan is being hatched in Whitehall. Henry VIII sent a message to the Palace of Placentia, where Anne Boleyn was residing. Anne Boleyn was watching tennis...alone. The day before she had been watching a joust when Henry VIII suddenly left the joust, leaving the people confused. He had received some shocking news. So it would have been unusual for Anne to watch tennis alone. Anne soon received the message from the king: She was to report to the Privy Council. Anne Boleyn reported to the Privy Council. It suddenly becomes clear that Henry VIII is trying to get rid of her. When she arrives to the Privy Council and was greeted by her uncle, the Duke of Norfolk, the constable of the Tower, among others. They read out the charges: adultery with two men of the court. Anne had the presence of mind to immediately protest her innocence. Anne returns to her apartments under guard. She tries to follow her normal routine, but nothing is no longer normal. Her people are acting strangely. The kings waiter no longer appears before her. She wonders what happens next and what brought the charges. Her downfall began three months before this date, when Anne was expecting a child. Anne had a metal planned for when her son would be born. The prototype of the medal still survives. Anne miscarried the baby and it seemed it was a baby boy. It was a blow to both Henry and Anne. This caused Henry to turn against Anne and look for someone younger to give him a boy. To continue to learn more, continue to watch the documentary. I would use this documentary for research into Tudors and would show clips from it to a class as part of a lecture. For use in the classroom: just highlight, copy and paste into a word document or a google document for use in the classroom. You can easily format these questions to your specifications. All questions should fit onto one page after formatting. You can find the link for the YouTube video here. The Fall of Anne Boleyn Episode 1 Questions:
The Fall of Anne Boleyn Episode 1 Answers:
Hello, our tour through Secrets of the Castle concludes in Episode 5. Peter, Ruth, and Tom wind down their time at Guedelon Castle. It is September and Peter, Ruth, and Tom prepares to work on the Great Tower. They discuss how much people moved around in the Middle Ages, following the work. Once work on a project was ended, they had to find jobs suited to their skills. Perhaps, 13th Century Common people may have had a wider view of the world than modern people. Stonemasons were the most well-traveled. They also found and brought ideas into their construction methods. Peter and one of the stonemasons work on an arch for the great tower. The arch had to fit in well and once the stone did, they were able to shape the arch. Peter works on carving the black stone for the arch. Each stone had to be carved differently with different tools. For example, sandstone, since it was so soft could not be carved with a chisel. Peter puts in the stonemason’s mark. Archeologists and historians have studied these marks. Stonemasons’ marks are one way to demonstrate how much people have moved around. Peter puts in T for Tom, P for Peter, and R for Ruth. They use a wooden form to put together the arch. The arch will be alternating between black and white. The textile industry was at the height during the 13th Century. The trade-in dyes were popular. Ruth explores the trade. She harvests wold leaves which were made to make blue dye. France had the perfect climate for wold leaves. They were ground up and then made into balls. Once ground up, the wold would release the enzymes used to make blue. Making it into balls helped with transportation. Blue was fashionable in Medieval France. France was the largest exporter. To make the dye, lye and stale urine were added to the wold. Ruth concludes that everything needed stale urine to complete chemical processes. Ruth helps dye silk threads. In the meantime, Ruth and her daughter Eve make gold thread. Eve is a textiles expert. They both experiment in ways to make gold thread. They try to wind the gold around a thread. Ruth then rolls it with her fingers and easily makes gold thread. Gold thread was used for bishops' robes and tapestries. Ruth tries to embroider a cushion with gold thread and the silk threads she dyed. The type of embroidery that was used is something that required a seven-year apprenticeship. Ruth and Eve explore the history of embroidery as a business. It was the only occupation where women could become masters of the trade. Guedelon was set in a forest. However, over time, forests were cleared to help build cities, farm the land and build castles. Tom helps with processing wood for a new door. The woodsman shows Tom the natural splits in the woods. They split the wood with wedges. They remove the bark. Then they make the Mortis and tenon joints to help hold the doors together. This type of joint was used in Stonehenge. The door is then seasoned for a year. Then the pegs are put into the door. The only metal that was used in the door was on the hinges. This is another STEM and STEAM episode. The stones had to carefully be measured to have space for the mortar. You can easily break this episode up into clips to share with a class. You can even use the clips on dying for an art classroom. Use your imagination and use this series in a classroom. You can access the YouTube video here. Hello, our tour through Secrets of the Castle continues in Episode 4. Ruth, Peter, and Tom continue their work on Guedelon Castle. More castle-building secrets are being revealed through this archeological experiment. Ruth, Peter, and Tom have lived on the Guedelon site for four months and are now exploring all the skills that were used to build a castle. It was a combined effort of the community to build a castle.
Blacksmiths, quarrymen, woodsmen, carpenters, and stonemasons all came together to build a castle. The first castles were built of wood and there is a sample of an early castle on the Guedelon site. These castles consisted of a walled enclosed area and a tower. Eventually, these castles would be made of stone, especially if they were at a key strategic site. In England, stone castles were a sign that Norman Rule was here. The workers at Guedelon are reviving the old practices in building the castle. They are proud of the job they have done at the castle. The walls are made out of a combination of rough field stones with areas of smooth cut stones to strengthen the walls and towers. There were leveling courses to help give the masons a chance to work on a flat surface. Tom helps in the quarry to get a stone that is to be used for a leveling course. He uses the techniques that the Medieval people would have used. In the Middle Ages, quarrymen would have used the natural cracks in the rock to cut stone. Masons were well paid and well-traveled men, their skills were in high demand. They all gathered in the stonemasons' lodge. It was where the masons’ secrets were kept. Ronald Hutton joins Ruth as they tour the masons’ lodge. Ronald discusses the history of masons and freemasonry. Middle Ages masons had nothing to do with the Masonic Movement and the modern freemason movement was founded in the 16th Century and evolved from there. Ronald sums up the Middle Age masons as doing God’s work because they were the ones that built the cathedrals. Ruth, Tom, and Peter explore the next skill needed to use build a castle: carpentry. They would have built doors and maintained the scaffolding. Scaffolding was not built from the ground up but moved up as the walls moved up. Guedelon is using modern processed wood and steel bolts for the scaffolding, but the scaffolding on the site resembles what would have been used in the castle building. There have been compromises for health and safety, however despite that the workers still work as they would have done in the Middle Ages. Blacksmiths were also seen on the site of the castle. They made hinges for the doors and other metal implements for the castle. He keeps the tools sharp for the workers. Tom and Peter work to make a furnace to help smelt iron. Together they make a bloom of iron for the blacksmith’s use. By able to make steel they can make good tools. The woodsmens’ skills were also used in castle building. They carefully selected trees for use in the castle. Each tree had a specific use for the castle. Tom works on getting a tree chopped down. Sarah the site administrator helps translate for the woodsman. This section demonstrates how much thought the woodsman had to do for a tree to fall safely in the forest. To continue to see the other skills used in castle building continue to watch this episode. This is another episode that features STEM and STEAM activities for the classroom. This is a skill-heavy episode and demonstrates how everyone came together to build a castle. It also showed how much work was involved in building a castle. If you do not want to show the full episode, then show clips to a class. You can access the YouTube video here. Hello, our tour through Secrets of the Castle continues in Episode 3. Our time travelers Ruth, Peter, and Tom explore how a castle was decorated. When we think of castles, we just think of a barren place that is cold and drafty. However, this archeological experiment is proving otherwise. Castles could be richly and colorfully decorated. The material that early castle decorators used came from the earth. Ruth, Peter, Tom continue to explore the Medieval World.
The castles people visit now are a far cry from what they were when they were in use. They had tile floors, whitewashed, plastered, and covered with clothes. Ruth sums up the difference between castle ruins and the historical experimental castle as “an entirely different beast.” The experimenters are decorating the castle according to the period of King Louis IX of France. The experimental castle is modest, decorated for a lower-ranked noble. Sarah, the site administrator gives Ruth, Tom, and Peter a tour of the most important rooms of the castle starting with the Great Hall. The Great Hall was the hub of castle life and it was a sight where the castle lord held court. It had to show off the lord’s wealth and status. They then make their way to the great tower where the lord and lady slept. It was the one room that had a fireplace. Peter and Tom are going to be tiling and painting some of the surfaces of the castle. Ruth makes her way to the kitchen. The kitchen is limewashed making it a bright and sunny area. The limewash keeps things clean in the kitchen. Sarah explains that castles were often limewashed and was glad that they had the chance to experiment with how castles were decorated. The White Tower at the Tower of London got its name from being whitewashed on the outside. Tom prepares lime mortar to put up against the wall. Rendering was put on the walls to insulate them and to prepare the walls for decorate. It was put on the wall roughly rather than in several layers. It also helps preserve the masonry underneath. They then move to make floor tiles for the site. 28,000 roof tiles were created and it took four years. An additional 80,000 tiles will be needed to cover all the roofs of the castle. Now production has shifted to floor tiles. Producing floor tiles is often laborious as the workers had to separate hard elements from the clay to make tiles. Tile making was one of the earliest industries to have regulations. These regulations included what type of clay could be used for the tile. The toilets were a common element found in castles. They were called guard robes and clothes were kept in them to keep them bug-free. Ruth and Peter explore the history of the privy or guard robes. The squires often had to prepare the privies before their masters went in them. Often preparation included sweet-smelling herbs to help make going to the bathroom a pleasant experience. What did the Medieval people use for toilet paper? It was not leaves or moss, since you would have to deal with deforestation or have a moss plantation to keep people supplied. Ruth and Peter conclude that everyone had a flannel or shared a flannel. To continue to learn more about how a castle was built continue to watch the episode. This episode is another fascinating look at how a castle was built. This episode would be suited to an art class, especially if a teacher was discussing how to make tiles or painting techniques. Ruth goes into a great deal on how the Medieval people made colorful paints. Again, teachers, you are only limited by your imagination when you use YouTube in your class. You can access the YouTube video here. Secrets of the Castle continues with how the castle was defended. Guedelon Castle is a 25-year archeological experiment in the Burgundy region of France. The builders are exploring the different techniques that are used to build a castle. The castle at Guedelon was built for a lord who wanted to show off his wealth. There are 36 high curtain walls to protect the courtyard. There is a gatehouse where people could get in and out. There are four towers as well, and one is called the great tower because it is bigger and taller. The walls are 12 feet thick.
The 13th Century was the golden age of castle building. Crusades and dynastic struggles caused the evolution of the castle. The Medieval rulers built stone castles to establish their power and to provide for defense. Tom, Ruth, and Peter explore the defense of the castle and the weapons used in the Middle Ages. Tom, Peter, and the masons install a special stone to connect the outside of the wall to the inner side of the wall to provide strength for the defense of the castle. If they did not put this stone in place, the wall would be vulnerable to caving in. They also explore the mortar and how it takes centuries to set. Tom points out that “experimental archeology has given you a mortar you can use.” Peter explains how the mortar is set in place and how the builders kept checking the level of the stones in place to keep the walls straight. Sieges were a big problem for the castle. Soldiers could climb over the walls with ladders or tunnels under them. The Trebuchet was invented during this period. This weapon dominated the Middle Ages and siege warfare. The biggest Trebuchet was Warwolf, which was commissioned by King Edward I. Our time travelers go to a castle nearby where replicas of the weapons used are on display. A crew of five men set up a Trebuchet for firing. Even though the war machines were slow, they were feared. One glance at them caused towns to surrender. For the siege, it is the constant hammering away at the walls which caused a great deal of damage. Tom, who is a midshipman in the Royal Navy, has a strong interest in Medieval history and armor. Ruth makes cloth armor for Tom and finds that it is a lot of hard work for very little progress. She makes it with sheep wool and linen. Ruth explores how cloth armor was made and explains that the linen and wool are layered together before being sewn down. Cloth armor is the precursor to the bulletproof vest. The defining feature of the castle is are the arrow loops. They were concealed in the walls and gave the archers an advantage. The mason shows the boys how to build an arrow loop. The arrow loop sloped down to help the archers see invaders. Tom and Peter then explore how archers shot their arrows out of the arrow loops. They even try to shoot into an arrow loop, which proved to be a failure. To continue to learn more about the Secrets of the Castle continue to watch on. There are several good clips you can use for a shop class. The firing of the Trebuchet would be a good clip to show in a math class. Our time travelers are good at explaining how the castle was built as well as exploring the defense properties of the castle. They discuss how if the tower is attacked the way the stones are laid allow that force to be disturbed around. You can access the YouTube Video here. Now we are going to explore history meets reality TV in Secrets of the Castle. Tom Pinfold joins up with Ruth Goodman and Peter Ginn to learn the secrets of castle building. Castles had a French origin. So our time travelers to go France and Guedelon castle. Guedelon Castle is part of an archaeology experiment to determine to build a castle. Castle building required a whole community of builders, masons, blacksmiths, lumberjacks, and tile makers. The project for the year is getting work done on the Great Tower.
So how do you build a castle? You start with a wooden model, which allows you to change things before you start building. The second step in building a castle is finding a good location for your castle. A good location includes access to water, wood, and rock. You also have to have the right stone to build a strong castle. Tom and Peter explore the different types of stones and where they were placed in the castle. Ruth explores the Medieval Hovel and how the castle builders’ camps evolved into villages. Ruth works to make the hovel a home. She starts with the fire pit. She then asks a carpenter to make a grain arch. The grain arch has a removable lid so she can make dough. In the meantime, Ruth lays out the rushes on the floor of the hovel. She is putting theory about rushes into practice by laying them in a herringbone pattern. Ruth gets pots from a pottery maker. Using pottery for cooking is one of the longest practices in the world. Clay came from the nearest source as it could - from a pothole. The hovel is equipped with a grain arch, pots, bowls, nets for hanging other types of food. The hovel is not only a living space but a storage space. Another vital resource in castle building is water. Thousands of gallons of water per day were used on the castle building site. Peter and Tom work to repair the well by getting a pulley and rope made. The rope is made by using a rope walk. Water is used to make mortar. Mortar formulas were closely guarded secrets and their strength determined how well the castle could hold off. The boys help get a doorway prepped for a castle. They are surprised at how little metal is used in castle buildings. However, where metal is used it is in an essential place. The boys put Ruth’s floor to the test and discuss the hovel. Their initial reaction to the hovel is one of disgust but once they discuss it they find that it is not a bad place to live. They find that the floor is warm and that the small space is would be easier to heat. The next morning Peter and Ruth explore Medieval clothing. Peter comments that he can see how clothing evolved. To find out more about how a castle was built, continue to watch the episode. With the first episode, you are not limited to a history class, you can bring this episode into a woodshop class or a class featuring STEM or STEAM. In the first episode, there is a demonstration of how carpenters worked wood without saws. There is quite a bit of STEM and STEAM you can get out of this series. You can even show this in a science class because historians are applying the scientific method during this experiment. If you need something do to in a pinch for a class, then you should show this series. However, if you don’t have a substitute teacher in the classroom, you should be able to find clips for use in the classroom. You can learn more about Guedelon here. You can access the YouTube video here. The Germans documentary continues with Frederick and the Empress. Today’s episode is about Frederick the Great and Maria Theresa of Austria. They were rivals. They fought wars with each other. They split the German lands. This is a good series to show about the War of the Austrian Succession.
Nobody knows what’s coming in December 1740. It was in the middle of winter when nobody fought wars. Frederick marched into Silesia. Silesia was an Austrian territory. His actions were seen as brazen. Maria Theresa was the newly crowned Empress of Austria. However, despite her inexperience, she was prepared to fight back. Germany and Austria would be changed as the war spun out of control. Austria was a united Empire while Frederick lead patches of land, far away from the unified Empire Maria Theresa led. Austria was the power behind the Holy Roman Empire. Frederick wanted to change that. Brandenburg, Prussia where Frederick ruled from was barren, marshy, and covered with forests, and home to two million people. It was led by a soldier-king. The Prussian court was strict and was Spartan. Frederick was expected to follow the strict rules of his father. However, Frederick loved arts and literature. Frederick’s father hated that and thought the state should be built by having a strong military. Frederick flees from the Prussian court but is captured. His boyhood friend is executed because he knew that Frederick wanted to flee. Frederick had to watch his friend’s execution. The Hapsburg empire is shocked by the Prussian King’s actions. The Austrian King sends a letter pleading with the Prussian King to spare his son Frederick. Maria Theresa lived a carefree childhood. She was very intelligent and believed that she would not inherit the throne. However, the Pragmatic Sanction was passed allowing Maria Theresa to rule. She was 23 when she was crowned Queen of Austria and Bohemia. As a young mother with three children and a fourth one on the way, many princes and politicians took advantage of the young woman. Of all of them, King Frederick, lead the charge to expand Prussia’s power at Austria’s expense. In the intervening years, King Frederick became a soldier-king like his father. He demands Silesia as his birthright. Maria Theresa is silent. Silesia is important strategically and was rich in culture. So, Frederick decides to use Maria Theresa’s silence as permission to take it. Maria Theresa was shocked at the outrage towards her kingdom. It was theft and she called Frederick an evil man for taking it. She turned to her Hungarian subjects. With her son in her arms, she gave a stirring speech to the Hungarian Nobles asking for troops. The Hungarians rallied to her cause and they were given additional rights in the Empire. For four years the war went on. The Prussian Army showed itself superior to the Austrian troops. Fortunes turn on at a time during the war. Frederick sends Maria Theresa an offer. Frederick dangles the crown of the Holy Roman Empire in front of Maria Theresa and her husband. As a woman, she could not wear the crown of the Holy Roman Empire, but her husband could. So Francis was crowned as Holy Roman Empire and she would rule behind the scenes. They could take Silesia later. Frederick returns to Brandenburg to cheering crowds. With the war over, he focuses on building a capital city. He works on building Berlin. It became a city of culture as well as industry. He even established a porcelain factory, which filled his coffers. However, the city could become chaotic and so he established a palace outside the city where he could have peace. Voltaire comes and visits Frederick and his palace. To continue to learn more about Frederick and the Empress watch the rest of the documentary. You can access the YouTube Video here. The Germans Documentary series continue with Luther and the Nation. When Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses on the door of the All Saints’ Church in Wittenberg, he did not know he would launch a religious revolution. This would be an excellent documentary to show when the class has reached the Reformation. It is an excellent summation of the events that went on as a result of the Reformation.
The episode kicks off with Martin Luther being greeted like a king as he enters Worms. He was driven to an assembly hosted by the Holy Roman Emperor. The common people cheered him on as he entered the cathedral. Although he had the people’s support, Luther was nervous. No matter the outcome of the assembly, the common people would support him. Luther challenged the corruption and abuses of the Catholic Church, at first. Then he went after the intermediaries of the church. They were behaving like Kings and accused the higher-ups in the Catholic church of hubris. Many of the higher-ups in the Catholic Church collected treasures like kings, instead of being ecclesiastical guardians. Pope Leo was quoted as saying, “Since God gave us the papacy, let us enjoy it.” Pope Leo drained the papacy treasury. As a result, priests started selling indulgences. Luther felt this was wrong and that believers were duped. Indulgences were deceiving the people, perhaps even damning their souls. Luther was called before the Holy Roman Emperor to either renounce or defend his actions. Luther was branded a heretic and was threatened with burning. Frederick of Saxony supported Luther. He sympathized with Luther’s position. He was one of the seven Electors who elected the Holy Roman Emperor. The Holy Roman Emperor had to navigate those relationships. The Holy Roman Emperor was determined to stamp out Luther, while the seven electors force him to listen. At the Diet of Worms, he was represented by a legal advisor to the Archbishop of Trier. Luther’s advisors and supporters wanted him to recant. Luther refused to recant, citing that he wanted the evidence of Scripture. It was only through Scripture that he would be convinced to recant. It was a turning point in European history. He was brave. He had the support of the people, the middle class, the intellectual elite, and a portion of the clergy. He was not alone in his fight. He electrified Europe with his words. The media would spread the word far and wide about the assembly. Emotions for and against Luther ran high. The media frenzy after the diet was the first propaganda war in history. However, this would not persuade the Holy Roman Emperor. It was the Holy Roman Emperor who was Luther’s judge. Since the Holy Roman Emperor could not speak German, he gave his judgment in France. Luther was declared the enemy of the church and state. Once Luther’s promise of safe conduct was expired, he could be arrested. Luther made his way back to Wittenberg. His wagon was ambushed and he was bundled off into a secret location. There was no legal way the Holy Roman Emperor could enforce the judgment. He had to rely on the princes to enforce it. So Luther was “kidnapped,” and put into hiding by the Duke of Saxony. He used the time for study and spreading the word. He worked on a translation of the Bible into German. This was a sign that he rejected the Pope’s authority as the only source of Biblical interpretation. The printing press allowed Luther to spread his message far and wide. In September 1542 Luther’s New Testament was printed and it was the first German bestseller. Demand for the Bible in German was huge. To continue to learn more about Martin Luther, the Reformation and the nation continue to watch this documentary. You can access the YouTube video here. We are continuing with our journey through the Germans series. Again, I cannot emphasize enough: even if you do not show the full documentary in a classroom, you can always show clips of it. Today we are exploring Barbarossa and the Lion.
Barbarossa wants to rule Western Europe like his predecessors, however, many people are standing in his way; mainly Henry the Lion. Henry the Lion was his former ally. Barbarossa went to Italy to check out his Italian domains. The Italians gave him the nickname Barbarossa because of his red beard. Barbarossa is the tenth German king to wear the crown of the Holy Roman Empire. At his Holy Roman Empire coronation ceremony, Barbarossa is placed above the dukes of Germany. However, his cousin Henry the Lion did not see it that way. He was among the German dukes who thought that there should be a variety of choices for the Holy Roman Emperor. Henry the Lion was not going to let his cousin Barbarossa forget that. Barbarossa made his way back to his lands. He made his way back to his lands as Emperor. He would rule his kingdom as Emperor. Barbarossa built a new palace to match his vision. The remains of that palace show his vision and he adopted the eagle as his symbol. The eagle meant that he was a world ruler. The German dukedoms come together to celebrate Barbarossa’s wedding to Beatrice of Burgundy. The Dukes witnessed the consummation of that marriage. It meant that Burgundy was a part of the empire again. In the meantime, Henry the Lion ruled his dukedom of Saxony. He had a map created to celebrate the changing geography of the world. Lions figured prominently in Henry’s court and he would get the nickname Henry the Lion. The Duke would often refer to himself as a lion. The Lion highlighted Henry’s ambitions to be seen as Barbarossa’s equal. Barbarossa in the meantime a saw himself in the place of the Roman Emperors. He had a bust created to highlight this view. The contentions between Barbarossa and Henry over who was superior or equal to each other came to ahead in Burgundy. Barbarossa reminded the pope’s emissary that his crown came from God and not from the pope. He created the term Holy Roman Empire as a stamp on that belief. He even stamped that belief on his Italian subjects. He wanted their tributes which they did not give. Many Italian cities gave into Barbarossa’s demands due to Barbarossa’s superior forces. Milan was the one city that stood out and resisted Barbarossa. Barbarossa lays siege to the city. Eventually, Milan capitulated to Barbarossa. Barbarossa punished the city severely for their resistance. His soldiers plundered Milan and took the relics of the Three Kings taken to Cologne. It became a place of pilgrimage for the common people. Henry was given the duchy of Bavaria. He founded and established the city of Munich. His goal was to go down in history as the planter of cities. The cities he established bear monuments to himself. The Lion highlights that there are powerful German Dukes as well as the Emperor. Henry goes in and conquerors and colonizes Slavic territories. New German territories are developed by Henry. He marries the daughter of King Henry II of England. He too believes that he got his crown straight from God. Henry was building a strong power base. Barbarossa and the other German dukes were growing nervous about Henry’s growing power base. Barbarossa asked Henry to help him put down rebellions in Italy. However, Henry refused to go, snubbing the emperor. To continue to learn more about Barbarossa and Henry continue to watch this documentary. You can access the YouTube video here. |
Author
The reviews I do are my opinion and my opinion only. My opinions should always be taken with a grain of salt. I just want to help teachers out selecting documentaries. Worksheets
My Teachers Pay Teachers Store! Worksheets available as a Word Document.
Lulu Store
I am also on Lulu! If you're interested in genealogy I have several books available!
Archives
November 2024
Categories
All
Privacy Policy
HistoryDocTube will not collect any personal information and will not sell any personal information to a third party. We will not request any personal information.
The purpose of this blog is to share information on what can be used in a classroom, private school, or home school setting as well as serve as a portfolio of my personal and professional work. The reviews are my opinions and should be treated as such. I just want to provide a tool for teachers to select documentaries for their classrooms. |